Experiência da mundialização como experiência hermenêutica: Habermas, Gadamer e cosmopolitismo / The experience of cultural globalization as hermeneutic experience: Habermas, Gadamer and cosmopolitanism

Estevão Bosco

doi:10.20336/rbs.534

Autores/as

Estevão Bosco Universidade de São Paulo http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4634-7432

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20336/rbs.534

Resumen

A questão central que este artigo aborda consiste em saber se as teorias da modernização e do cosmopolitismo formuladas por Habermas nos permitem lidar com os desafios que a mundialização (cultura) coloca para a teoria social crítica. Por meio de uma análise metateórica, argumento que as teorias da modernização e do cosmopolitismo de Habermas estão ancoradas em um conceito de sociedade caracterizado por um auto-referenciamento cultural latente, a rigor, nacional, que nos impede de apreender o papel que o entrelaçamento cultural das sociedades cumpre na reprodução do mundo da vida e nas formas de socialização. Com base em análises sociológicas e antropológicas do cosmopolitismo, formulo uma hipótese hermenêutica interessada sociologicamente, que sustenta que, se partirmos das pré-condições hermenêuticas de nossa experiência do mundo (Gadamer), podemos delinear uma perspectiva complementar a Habermas que abrange a mundialização. Este artigo visa contribuir com os fundamentos ontológicos da teoria social crítica cosmopolita mediante o desvelamento de pré-condições de um tipo intercultural de entendimento mútuo.

The primary question this article addresses is whether Habermas’ theory of modernization and cosmopolitanism successfully engages with the challenges to social theory posed by the experience of cultural globalization. Through a metatheoretical analysis, I argue that Habermas’s theory of modernization and cosmopolitanism is based on a concept of society characterized by a latent cultural self-referentialism, which prevents us from grasping the role that cultural entanglements among societies play in the reproduction of the lifeworld and in shaping socialization. Drawing on sociological and anthropological analyses of cosmopolitanism, I formulate a hermeneutical, sociologically-invested hypothesis which claims that Gadamer’s uncovering of the hermeneutical pre-conditions of our world experience can provide the foundations for a complementary perspective to Habermas’, helping cosmopolitan critical sociologists and social theorists better understand cultural globalization. This article aims to contribute to the identification of the ontological features of cosmopolitan critical social theory by disclosing pre-conditions of a concept of intercultural understanding.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Estevão Bosco, Universidade de São Paulo

Sociólogo, pesquisador de pós-doutorado, departamento de geografia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo

Citas

APPADURAI, Arjun (1996), Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

BECK, Ulrich (2006), Qu’est-ce-que le cosmopolitisme ? Paris: Alto Aubier.

BEKESAS, Wilson R.; MADER, Renato; RIEGEL, Viviane (2016), Media and Cultural Consumption by Young Students in the City of São Paulo, Brazil: Evidences of Digital Divide, Possibilities of Cosmopolitanism. Global Media Journal, n. 9, v. 1, pp.119-133.

BHAMBRA, Gurminder (2007), Rethinking Modernity: Postcolonialism and Sociological Imagination. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

_______. (2011), Cosmopolitanism and Postcolonial Critique. In: ROVISCO, Maria; NOWICKA, Magdalena (ed.), The Ashgate Companion to Cosmopolitanism. Farnham: Ashgate Pub.

_______. (2010), Sociology After Postcolonialism: Provincialized Cosmopolitanisms and Connected Sociologies. In: RODRIGUEZ, Encarnación; COSTA, Sergio; BOATCA, Manuela. (ed.), Decolonizing European Sociology: Transdisciplinary Approaches. Farnham: Ashgate Pub.

BLOMMAERT, Jan. (2015), Language: The Great Diversifier. In: VERTOVEC, Steven (ed.), Routledge International Hanbook of Diversity Studies. London: Routledge.

BOSCO, Estevão; HARRIS, Neal. (2020), From Sociology to Social Theory: Critical Cosmopolitanism, Modernity, and Post-Universalism. International Sociology [forthcoming].

BOSCO, Estevão Mota Gomes Ribas Lima. (2016), Por uma teoria social cosmopolita: modernização, mundialização/globalização e entendimento intercultural. Tese de doutorado. Universidade Estadual de Campinas – Campinas. Disponível em: <http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/320964>. Acesso em 12/01/2018.

CHERNILO, Daniel. (2007), Universalismo y cosmopolitismo en la teoría de Jürgen Habermas. Estudios Publicos, n. 106, pp. 175-203.

CICCHELLI, Vincenzo. (2016a), Comment enquête-t-on sur la socialisation cosmopolite ? Terrains/Théories, n. 5.

_______. (2016b), Pluriel et commun : Sociologie d’un monde cosmopolite. Paris : Sciences Po [edição digital].

_______. (2013), Living in a Global Society, Handling Otherness: An Appraisal of Cosmopolitan Socialization. Quaderni di Teoria Sociale, n. 14, pp. 217-242.

________; OCTOBRE, Sylvie. (2013), A Cosmopolitan Perspective on Globalization: Cultural and Aesthetic Cosmopolitanism Among Young People. Studies of Changing Societies, n. 3, v. 7, pp. 03-23.

________ ; ______. (2015), Sur le cosmopolitisme esthétique chez les jeunes. Le Débat, n. 183, v. 1, pp. 101-109.

_______. ; ______. ; RIEGEL, Viviane (2016), After the Omnivore, the Cosmopolitan Amateur: Reflections About Aesthetic Cosmopolitanism. The Global Studies Journal, n. 9, v. 1, pp. 55-70.

CONRAD, Sebastian; RANDERIA, Shalini. (2002), Einleitung: Geteilte Geschichten – Europa in einer postkolonialen Welt. In: ______.; ______. (ed.), Jenseits von Eurozentrismus: postkolonialen perspektiven in der Geschichts - und Kulturwissenschaften. Frankfurt am Main, Campus Verlag.

DELANTY, Gerard. (2009), The Cosmopolitan Imagination: The Renewal of Critical Social Theory. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press.

________ (2016), The new mainstream: Brexit and the spectre of authoritarian Democracy. [Manuscrito].

DENCIK, Lina. (2013), What Global Citizens and Whose Global Moral Order? Defining the Global at BBC World News. Global Media and Communication, n. 9, pp. 119-134.

FINE, Robert. (2003), Jürgen Habermas’s Theory of Cosmopolitanism. Constellations, v. 10, n. 4, pp. 469-487.

______. (2007), Cosmopolitanism. London: Routledge New Edition.

GADAMER, Hans-Georg. (1976), On the Scope and Function of Hermeneutic Reflection. In: ______. Philosophical Hermeneutics. Berkeley; Los Angeles: University of California Press.

______. (1999), Verdade e método I: esboço de uma hermenêutica filosófica. Petrópolis: Vozes.

GIDWANI, Vinay; SIVARAMAKRISHNAN, K. (2003), Circular Migration and Rural Cosmopolitanism in India. Contributions to Indian Sociology, n. 37, v. 1, pp. 339-367.

GLYNN, Kevin; CUPPLES, Jules. (2010), Indigenous Media Space and the Production of (Trans)Locality on Nicaragua’s Mosquito Coast. Television & New Media, n. 12, v. 2, pp. 101-135.

HABERMAS, Jürgen. (1987), Théorie de l'agir communicationnel. 2 vols., Paris: Fayard.

______. (1988), On the Logic of the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Polity Press.

______. (1996) Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Democracy and Law. Boston, MA: MIT Press.

______. (1998a), Some Further Clarifications of the Concept of Communicative Action. In: ______. On the Pragmatics of Communication. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

______. (1998b). The Inclusion of the Other. Studies in Political Theory. Boston, MA: MIT Press.

______. (2001), A constelação pós-nacional. Ensaios políticos. São Paulo: Litera Mundi.

______. (2003). Era das transições. Rio de Janeiro: Tempo Brasileiro.

______. (2004), Verdade e justificação: ensaios filosóficos. São Paulo: Loyola.

______. (2006), The Divided West. London: Polity Press.

HANNERZ, Ulf. (2006), Two Faces of Cosmopolitanism: Culture and Politics. Documentos CIDOB, n. 7, pp. 5-29.

LAMONT, Michèle; AKSARTOVA, Sada. (2002), Ordinary Cosmopolitanisms Strategies for Bridging Racial Boundaries Among Working-Class Men. Theory, Culture & Society, n. 19, v. 1, pp. 1-25.

LÉVI-STRAUSS, Claude. (1987), Race et histoire. Unesco: Denöel.

MIGNOLO, Walter (2011), Cosmopolitan Localism: A Decolonial Shifting of the Kantian Legacies. Localities, n. 1, pp. 11-45.

OCTOBRE, Sylvie. (2014), Les enfants du numérique : mutations culturelles et mutations sociales. Informations Sociales, n. 181, pp. 50-60.

OLOFSSON, Anna; ÖHMAN, Susanna. (2007), Cosmopolitanism and Locals: An Empirical Investigation of Transnationalism. Current Sociology, v. 55, pp. 877-895.

ORTIZ, Renato. (2003), Mundialização e cultura. São Paulo: Brasiliense.

PICHLER, Florian. (2009), “Down-to-Earth” Cosmopolitanism: Subjective and Objective Measurements of Cosmopolitanism in Survey Research. Current Sociology, n.57, v. 5, pp. 704-732.

PIOT, Charles. (1999), Remotely Global: Village Modernity in West Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

POLLOCK, Sheldon; BHABBA, Homi; APPADURAI, Carole; CHAKRABARTY, Dipesh. (2000), Cosmopolitanisms. Public Culture, n. 12, v. 3, pp. 577-589.

RANDERIA, Shalini. (2002), Entangled Histories of Uneven Modernities: Civil Society, Caste Solidarities and Legal Pluralism in Postcolonial India. In: ______.; ELKANA, Yehuda; KRASTEV, Ivan. (orgs.), Unravelling Ties: From Social Cohesion to New Practices of Connectedness. Frankfurt/M: Campus.

REGEV, Motti. (2011), International Festivals in a Small Country: Rites of Recognition and Cosmopolitanism. In: GIORGI, Liana; SASSATELLI, Monica; DELANTY, Gerard (eds.), Festivals and the Cultural Public Sphere. London: Routledge.

RICOEUR, Paul. (1986), Herméneutique et critique des idéologies. In : ______. Du texte à l’action. Essais d’herméneutique II. Paris: Le Seuil/Esprit.

ROBERTSON, Alexa. (2010), Mediated Cosmopolitanism: The World of the Television News. Cambridge: Polity Press.

SANTOS, Boaventura de S. (2003), Uma concepção multicultural dos direitos humanos. In: ______. (org.), Reconhecer para libertar: os caminhos do cosmopolitismo multicultural. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira.

SANTOS, Boaventura de S; NUNES, João A. (2003), Introdução: para ampliar o cânone do reconhecimento, da diferença e da igualdade. In: ______. (org.), Reconhecer para libertar: os caminhos do cosmopolitismo multicultural. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira.

SZERSZYNSKI, Bronislaw; URRY, John. (2002), Cultures of Cosmopolitanism. Sociological Review, n. 50, pp. 461-481.

VANDENBERGHE, Frédéric. (2002), Empathy as the Foundation of the Social Sciences and of Social Life: A Reading of Husserl’s Phenomenology of Transcendental Intersubjectivity. Sociedade & Estado, n. 17, v. 2, pp. 563-585.

WALLERSTEIN, Immanuel. (1976), The Modern World System. New York: Academic Press.

WOODWARD, Ian; SKRBIS, Zlato. (2007), The Ambivalence of Ordinary Cosmopolitanism: Investigating the Limits of Cosmopolitan Openness. The Sociological Review, n. 55, v. 4, pp. 730-747.

WOODWARD, Ian; SKRBIS, Zlato; BEAN C. (2008), Attitudes Towards Globalization and Cosmopolitanism: Cultural Diversity, Personal Consumption and the National Economy. The British Journal of Sociology, n. 9, v. 2, pp.207-226.